By Cesare Rossi
This publication describes innovations and designs of historic engineers which are the precursors of the current. The a while quite often variety from three hundred B.C. to 1600 A.D. with a few exceptions from earlier than and after this era.
As for the very old ones, the booklet describes innovations (documented via archaeological reveals generally from Pompei, Ercolano and Stabia) that typically are little or no identified and infrequently no longer identified in any respect. a few innovations are within the army box. the reason is, (unfortunately) many innovations and technological recommendations were conceived ranging from army applications.
The booklet is split into 5 parts.
The first 4 elements pertain to convinced fields and current innovations quite often conceived as much as the overdue Roman Empire. innovations which are consultant of the engineering genius of the ancients and that could be regarded as milestones, each one of their respective field.
The 5th half refers to fields of engineering (such as textiles and automation) during which very important techniques have been conceived additionally in additional contemporary centuries.
For all the innovations awarded, even the traditional ones of many centuries earlier, the authors offer 3 components of analysis and reference:
Written files (the classics)
Iconic references (coins, bas-reliefs, etc.)
Archaeological findings.
The goal teams of the booklet are scholars and students with curiosity on historical past of Mechanical Engineering in Antiquity and Archaelogy.
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Extra info for Ancient Engineers' Inventions: Precursors of the Present (History of Mechanism and Machine Science)
Example text
Now you know the type of person you are dealing with. 81 m sϪ2 or 32 feet per second per second). Maximum range is obtained if the arrow sets o¤ at an angle of α ϭ 45Њ to the ground. If we take v ϭ 60 m sϪ1 then we obtain a range of 367 m, or 400 yards. This range is further than the reported ranges for most medieval or modern bows (approximately 250 m). The di¤erence, you will not be surprised to hear, is due to aerodynamic drag. Drag is a complicated enough subject for simple, symmetrical objects such as cannonballs.
The average length of the bows found on the Mary Rose was 2 m (6 feet 6 inches), and they were estimated to be able to penetrate mail armor at 200 yards. Their draw weight exceeded 100 pounds (Kooi 1997). These bows (and there were 137 of them in the Mary Rose, along with 3,500 arrows) were perhaps inferior to the longbows of the Hundred Years’ War, a century earlier, since bows and arrows were giving way to gunpowder weapons by the time the Mary Rose sank. Nevertheless, they were still powerful killing machines.
At age 24 he took part in Napoleon’s disastrous invasion of Russia, where he was left for dead on the field of battle before being taken prisoner and incarcerated at Saratov, on the Volga. During this period of enforced leisure he wrote an influential mathematical treatise, which helped to lay the foundations of modern projective geometry. It is for this work, published several years later in 1822, that mathematicians chiefly remember him. He was released from prison and returned to France in 1814.
