By J. Michael McCarthy, Gim Song Soh
This booklet is an creation to the mathematical conception of layout for articulated mechanical structures referred to as linkages. the point of interest is on sizing mechanical constraints that advisor the circulation of a workpiece, or end-effector, of the procedure. The functionality of the equipment is prescribed as a collection of positions to be handy by means of the end-effector; and the mechanical constraints are shaped through joints that restrict relative flow. The target is to discover the entire units that could in attaining a particular job. Formulated during this manner the layout challenge is only geometric in personality. robotic manipulators, strolling machines, and mechanical palms are examples of articulated mechanical platforms that depend upon easy mechanical constraints to supply a posh workspace for the tip- effector. the foundations awarded during this publication shape the root for a layout conception for those units. The emphasis, despite the fact that, is on articulated structures with fewer levels of freedom than that of the common robot process, and hence, much less complexity. This e-book could be helpful to arithmetic, engineering and machine technology departments educating classes on mathematical modelling of robotics and different articulated mechanical structures.
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Additional info for Geometric Design of Linkages
Example text
Let θ be the input angle measured around O from the x-axis of F to OA. Similarly, let ψ be the angular position of the output crank CB. 1 Output Angle The relationship between the input angle θ of the driving crank and the angle ψ of the driven crank is obtained from the condition that A and B remain a fixed distance apart throughout the motion of the linkage. Since h = |B − A| is constant, we have the constraint equation (B − A) · (B − A) − h2 = 0. 47) The coordinates of A and B in F are given by A= a cos θ a sin θ and B = g + b cos ψ .
The link lengths that define a 4R linkage. output crank be C and B. The distances between these points characterize the linkage: a = |A − O|, b = |B − C|, g = |C − O|, h = |B − A|. 46) To analyze the linkage, we locate the origin of the fixed frame F at O, and orient it so that the x-axis passes through the other fixed pivot C. Let θ be the input angle measured around O from the x-axis of F to OA. Similarly, let ψ be the angular position of the output crank CB. 1 Output Angle The relationship between the input angle θ of the driving crank and the angle ψ of the driven crank is obtained from the condition that A and B remain a fixed distance apart throughout the motion of the linkage.
This arises because the moving pivot B of the output crank can be assembled above or below the diagonal joining the moving pivot A of the input crank to the fixed pivot C of the output crank. The angle√δ = arctan(B/A) defines the location of this diagonal, and = arccos(C/ A2 + B 2 ) is the angle above and below this diagonal that locates the output crank. The argument of the arccosine function must be in the range −1 to +1, which places a solvability constraint on the coefficients A, B, and C. Specifically, for a solution to exist we must have A2 + B 2 − C 2 ≥ 0.
