By Émile Durkheim
"Traiter les faits sociaux comme des choses" et poser les fondements d'une nouvelle technological know-how de los angeles société qui, sur le modèle des sciences expérimentales, permette de mieux los angeles décrire et l'expliquer : tel est le projet d'Emile Durkheim lorsqu'il publie Les Règles de los angeles méthode sociologique, en 1895. Refusant l'explication du fait social par le biologique, l. a. confusion de los angeles sociologie avec l. a. psychologie, théorisant l'influence du milieu social sur les individus, posant une série de règles méthodologiques parfois d'apparence très abstraite, ce texte fut un véritable défi lancé par Durkheim à ses contemporains. Pourquoi, cependant, et remark lire encore ce grand classique aujourd'hui ? C'est l. a. query à laquelle répond Laurent Mucchielli dans l'introduction à cette nouvelle édition. Articulant de façon inédite les approches historique et sociologique, celle-ci s'adresse aussi bien aux historiens des sciences et des idées qu'aux enseignants et aux étudiants en sociologie. Cette nouvelle édition s'accompagne également d'un article de Durkheim contemporain des Règles ("L'état actuel des études sociologiques en France"), qui éclaire le contexte polémique dans lequel l'ouvrage fut écrit.
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Extra info for Les règles de la méthode sociologique
Sample text
A particular institution is implied by your recognition of the setting and the identities of those present. The acts associated with that institution are permissible, and unique acts of other institutions are not. For example, if you are in an educational setting—say you’re a professor with a student—then it is appropriate to perform the unique acts of the educational institution such as grading the student, or to perform acts that are appropriate in many institutions like advising, questioning, complimenting, admonishing, instructing, debating with, punishing, or sympathizing with the student.
A behavior, or act, describes something an actor does. Behaviors are specified by verbs. An object is the target of an actor’s behavior. This book deals only with objects who themselves are actors, so the objects also are specified by identity-nouns. A setting is a place or time at which actions occur. Settings are specified by setting-nouns. A social action is an event in which an actor behaves toward another actor who is in the role of object. The setting may or may not be mentioned when describing the action.
With these identities, you and the other can perform many validating behaviors with each other, such as court, laugh with, speak to, desire sexually, embrace, compliment, satisfy, kiss, fondle, amuse, welcome, play with, caress, defend, please, sleep with, interest, treat, warn, or cheer. Suppose you compliment your sweetheart. The action provides you with a feeling of satisfaction, and it makes your sweetheart feel charmed or gleeful. In response, suppose your sweetheart kisses you, an act giving your sweetheart satisfaction, while leaving you feeling pleased, perhaps merry.
