By Ana Lúcia Leitão, Francisco J. Enguita
This booklet offers a cutting-edge compilation of articles at the position of non-coding RNAs as pivotal molecules for developing useful relationships among assorted organisms. It additionally describes how non-coding RNA molecules can act as dynamic verbal exchange units and the way they modulate the interplay among diverse kingdoms. It describes examples together with viruses, micro organism, fungi, and better organisms reminiscent of protozoa which are eager about pathogenic or symbiotic interactions, and the jobs of other households of non-coding RNAs inside those relationships. each one bankruptcy offers readers molecular and sensible insights, breaking down the subjacent mechanisms and exploring their sensible implications and destiny purposes. greater than sixty years after the root of the “RNA tie membership” by way of George Gamow, new roles for non-coding RNA molecules are turning out to be revealed.
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Extra resources for Non-coding RNAs and Inter-kingdom Communication
Example text
The fact that typical eukaryotic life cycles span a period of time adds a layer of intricacy, and means that genetic regulation of complex organisms must occur in a four-dimensional space (Buchler et al. 2003; Levine and Tjian 2003). As all of that information must be encoded within the DNA, it is highly suggestive that the abundant cellular dark matter is required to regulate such complex genomes. The difficulties in understanding noncoding DNA means that noncoding RNAs remain tricky to accurately define and thus quantify.
Given that LPS is a well-described and potent NF-jb activator, and Gram-negative bacterial cell wall component, this suggests that such bacteria may upregulate the expression of NKILA in order to block the host from secreting essential innate immunity cytokines and chemokines. Acute systemic inflammatory diseases such as Kawasaki disease are characterised by elevated circulating TNFa, which was recently shown to be related to the expression of a lnRNA termed THRIL (TNFa and hnRNPL related immunoregulatory LincRNA) (Li et al.
The latter pathway provides time for cells to repair the DNA damage, while senescence and apoptosis are terminal pathways (Riley et al. 2008) and are thus tightly controlled and co-ordinated. Fairly recent data uncovered that the p53-mediated apoptosis response is regulated by an intergenic lncRNA that acts with the nuclear-localised protein hnRNP-K (Huarte et al. 2010). LncRNA-p21 guides hnRNP-K to specific prosurvival p53 target genes in cis (Huarte et al. 2010) and in trans (Dimitrova et al. 2014).
