By Jason Sharman
This publication explores the function of coercion within the dating among the electorate and regimes of communist japanese Europe. taking a look intimately at Soviet collectivisation in 1928-34, the Hungarian rebellion of 1956 and the Polish harmony circulation of 1980-84, it indicates how the method excluded channels to let renowned grievances to be translated into collective competition; how this lessened the volume of renowned protest, affected the character of such protest as did ensue and entrenched the dominance of nation over society.
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Extra resources for Repression and Resistance in Communist Europe (Basees Curzon Series on Russian & East European Studies)
Sample text
Infrastructural power refers to the degree of coherence, organization and penetration of society that has been achieved by the state apparatus. Infrastructural power is limited by the organizational ability of the state apparatus to carry out the commands of those at the top. In this case the rankings for despotic power given above may have to be reversed. US presidents cannot have their opponents shot on a whim, ennoble their relatives or ignore the constitution, but they can count on taxes being regularly collected every year in accordance with established laws.
State theory establishes the pertinence of this course of inquiry, and the importance of the cleavages that divide the state from society, as well as the ties that bind them together. The end result is to demonstrate how the structural context acted to reduce the aggregate level of contention, as well as shifting the resistance that did occur towards relatively ineffective methods, and thus enabled the state to achieve dominance over society. The social contract The first set of theories examined has the least to offer in explaining patterns of popular contention and the relationship between Party-state and society in Communist systems.
Lastly, hegemony fails to account empirically for the widespread employment of ‘the weapons of the weak’, and periodic major rebellions against the high and mighty. As will be demonstrated in the case studies following, people took hold of whatever meagre opportunities they were afforded to advance their interests at the expense of the state – in the workplace, in the sphere of consumption and through everyday manipulation of symbols and features of the cultural landscape. The supposed support for and acceptance of repressive systems by subordinate populations does not square with the scale of resistance offered, even if that resistance was usually private, individual and ineffectual.
