By Jeffrey C. Alexander
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Additional info for Structure and Meaning: Relinking Classical Sociology
Sample text
Because the classics are so central, Parsons' failure to provide an authoritative discussion of Freud left his psychoanalytic func tionalism open to serious challenge . Anti-functionalist Freudians could -- S O C I 0 L O G Y A N D D I S C 0 U R S E 41 argue that psychoanalytic theory had nothing to do with socialization , that , to the contrary , it emphasized the disorganization of the personality and its rebellion against civiliz ation . 964) , [ 1 954] 1 964) , 1 95 5 ) devoted a series of essays to demonstrating that Freud saw object introjection as the basis for personality develop ment ; object introjection, of coure, was simply value internalization by another name.
It is the disciplines of social science , and the schools and traditions of which they are composed, which have clas SICS . To mutually acknowledge a classic is to have a common point of reference . A classic reduces complexity (cf. Luhmann 1 979) . It is a symbol which condenses- "stands for" - a range of diverse general com mitments. Condensation , it seems to me, has at least four functional advantages. 28 S O C I O L O G Y A N D D I S C O U R S E In the first place, of course, it simplifies, and thereby facilitates, theo retical discussion .
It demonstrates Smelser's conscientiousness as an historical researcher that he himself presented data that, as it were, went beyond his own theory. (Walby [1 986] relies on Smelser's data, for example , in her M arxist-feminist reconstuction of the same period . ) This is not usually the case, for the overdetermination of data by theory usually makes counter vailing data invisible, not only to social scientists themselves but often to their critics. t Seweli ( 1 985) has forcefully demonstrated this gap in Skocpol's data for the French case.
