By Stanley Peters (auth.), Walter J. Savitch, Emmon Bach, William Marsh, Gila Safran-Naveh (eds.)
Ever considering the fact that Chomsky laid the framework for a mathematically formal idea of syntax, periods of formal types have held huge allure. The finite nation version provided simplicity. on the contrary severe quite a few very strong versions, such a lot impressive transformational grammar, provided generality. once this mathematical framework was once laid, devastating arguments got by means of Chomsky and others indicating that the finite country version used to be woefully insufficient for the syntax of common language. In reaction, the thoroughly normal transformational grammar version was once complicated as an appropriate motor vehicle for shooting the outline of average language syntax. whereas transformational grammar turns out prone to be enough to the duty, many researchers have complex the argument that it's "too sufficient. " A now vintage results of Peters and Ritchie indicates that the version of transformational grammar given in Chomsky's elements [IJ is strong certainly. So strong as to permit it to explain any recursively enumerable set. In different phrases it may possibly describe the syntax of any language that's describable via any algorithmic method whatever. this case led many researchers to reasses the declare that normal languages are integrated within the classification of transformational grammar languages. The conclu sion that many reached is that the declare is void of content material, due to the fact, of their view, it says little greater than that usual language syntax is attainable algo rithmically and, within the framework of contemporary linguistics, psychology or neuroscience, that's axiomatic.
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Extra resources for The Formal Complexity of Natural Language
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G. again Turing machines). This result is even more interesting for linguistic theory than the previous one. In the first place, if you think that the excessive power of transformational grammars is something to worry about, then this result pinpoints just where the trouble lies. It is in the transformational component of a standard grammar, since restricting the base does not decrease the power of the system. Second, the result is relevant to the idea that there is a universal set of base rules.
First we translate the premises and conclusion of the informal argument into formal logical symbols, and then we apply the rules and principles of the logical system to determine 32 Janet Dean Fodor whether the formula representing the conclusion is indeed entailed by the conjunction of the formulae representing the premises. But the ultimate usefulness of a system of formal logic in cutting through the uncertainties and unclarities of everyday reasoning will depend crucially upon how precisely the formulae of the logical system can be related to the sentences of the ordinary language.
Possibly psychological data, if it were obtainable, should be regarded as relevant. It is not easy, though, to imagine what kinds of psychological observation would support even a relatively straightforward hypothesis about semantic structures. In logic, the symbol corresponding to the 36 Janet Dean Fodor English word or can be defined in terms of the ones which correspond to and and not. ) It is conceivable that some linguistic facts might be found which suggested that in the ultimate vocabulary of the semantic component of a linguistic description there is nothing corresponding to the logical symbol for or, disjunction being represented instead by the appropriate combination of conjunction and negation.
