By Amos Rapoport
"Rapoport is anxious with the meanings which constructions, their contents, and their population exhibit, and the conclusions which are drawn therefrom for approaches of architectural layout to fulfill the folks who will finally stay in those structures. . . . A hard publication on a topic that has had inadequate recognition within the past."—Man and surroundings "Fills an important hole: it introduces the concept of environmental that means so basically that no reader will doubt the elemental premise that the surroundings holds that means as a part of a cultural method of symbols, and impacts our activities and our determinations of social order."—Design booklet evaluate "This is the second one version of a booklet first released in 1982. . . . Enthusiastic and inquiring because the reader is introduced into the writer's idea processes."—Progress in Human Geography (England) "It has benefits to not be present in the other booklet during this much-discussed and little understood topic, to wit: it's brief, it's easy, and it truly is invaluable. it really is even, in elements, entertaining....a publication so that it will aid architects to do their activity better." —Architecture Australia
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Extra resources for The Meaning of the Built Environment: A Nonverbal Communication Approach
Example text
The question, then, of why such design is so strongly disliked by designers and other groups must be reiterated. The answer, in brief, is that the ideals incorporated in these images and schemata, that is, the values and meanings that are expressed, are found unacceptable. The result of this analysis is, therefore, that the problem is the variability in the symbols, images, and meanings held by different groups. These are not shared and, in fact, elicit very different reactions from various groups; mismatches and misunderstandings then follow.
However, in a heavily forested area, a clearing becomes the cue, the element communicating that meaning; on a treeless plain a tree o r group of trees is the cue (see Figure 6). 40 THE MEANING OF THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT Figure 6 The reversals between the relative meaning of town (good) and forest (wild, bad) s o common in early colonial America and the present meaning of forest (good) and town (bad; see Tuan, 1974),while they have to d o with changing values, can, I believe, also be interpreted partly in terms of context.
More recently, one finds the related but competing use of the repertory grid, based on personal construct theory (Kelly, 1955). These, beingl'experimental" in nature, limit the kind of work that can be done, who can d o it, and where. For example, it is very difficult to study meaning in other cultures, to use evidence from the past, to use already published material-all important in the development of valid design theory. Such theory clearly must be based on the broadest possible sample in space and time: on all forms of environments, all possible cultures, all accessible periods.
