Lampinen Beike's The Self and Memory (Studies in Self Andidentity) PDF

By Lampinen Beike

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NOVEL TESTS OF THE SELF HYPOTHESIS If, as we have been speculating, the mirror test is just one (albeit straightforward) way of tapping into the SELF system, then a particularly profitable method of testing the clambering hypothesis might be to determine if the great apes differ in as-of-yet undefined ways from other primates in areas related to the use and/or reasoning about the body image. In what follows, we focus on one approach along these lines that we have pursued. First, we describe how the SELF system may have endowed organisms with a tool-using tendency that, until now, has not been widely recognized.

6. Covered box condition: A chimpanzee subject (a) encounters a covered box and (b–d) spontaneously uses a provided stick to uncover it in order to explore its contents. with the object by using their hands, and if they did, only after they first explored it with the tool. Likewise, they only rarely retrieved the food directly without first increasing the distance between food and object by using the tool. In contrast, the four apes that reached to unveil the box with their hands in the covered conditions, also only used the tool randomly with respect to the other conditions, if they used it at all.

Consider orangutans, whose body mass and arboreal lifestyle may represent the closest living approximation to the condition of the last common ancestor of the great apes and humans. Povinelli and Cant (1995) noted that these 40 kg (female) to 80 kg (male) animals face specific problems in moving from one location to another that are not faced to an appreciable degree by other arboreal primates with smaller body masses. For example, as orangutans attempt to cross from one tree to the next, they not only encounter natural gaps in the canopy, but, due to their extreme body mass acting to deform the limbs of trees, they create gaps, as well.

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