By Colin Creighton, Martin Shaw
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Extra info for The Sociology of War and Peace
Example text
I contest this by saying that war has sometimes played a positive role in human progress. Phrasing the matter in this way perhaps gives too many hostages to fortune. To avoid the discussion of red herrings, let me be specific about my argument: war in Western European history played a significant role in the triumph of capitalism. I begin by analysing the role of warfare in Imperial China, India and in Islam of the arid zone; in these civilisations war did not help capitalist development. In contrast, war played a vital part in allowing and enabling the emergence of an autonomous economic dynamic of broadly capitalist hue in the Occident.
A religious vision united the Arab tribes and thereby allowed them great military capacity. The Islamic conquerors brought a monotheism with them; they possessed force and value (Cook and Crone, 1977). This inheritance presented problems when rule over conquered land had to be consolidated and regulated. The Umayyads were able to rule for some time on the basis of traditional kinship cohesion, but such politics were far removed from original Islamic purposes. The Arabs did not 'feel at home' in their conquered lands.
Nevertheless, neither of these objections is sufficient to hide the great merit of the Marxist question. Empires are not just created by the sword; if they wish to survive then they must also continue to possess military might. How was it possible to raise sufficient revenues to maintain the army over time? Some part of the answer lies in the increasing productivity of agriculture within imperial boundaries, but fundamentally it is necessary to confront the question as to the relationship between state and society.
