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Sample text

However if we look now at some typical bisyllabic productions in (2), it appears as if such a simplistic reversal of phonemes is untenable. (2) bisyllabics a. moto [moto] → b. salut [saly] → c. tableau [tablo] → d. bonjour → e. bizarre [bizar] → f. basket [baskEt] → [tomo] [lysa] [biota] "motorcycle" "greetings" "painting" "hello" [zarbi] "strange" [skEtba] "sneakers" Note that if the phonemes of the words were merely reversed, we would obtain productions like those found in (3): UNCOVERING FRENCH SYLLABLE STRUCTURE (3) a.

Fou [fu] → [uf] "crazy") With the representation in (6), we could account for all of the inversion data in (1) by positing a rule that metathesizes the daughters of the syllable UNCOVERING FRENCH SYLLABLE STRUCTURE 41 (o) constituent. Likewise, if all of the bisyllabic words in (2) are rep­ resented as in (7), the correct Verlan outputs result from inverting the daughters that are immediately dominated by the word (w) node. g. tableau [tablo] → [biota] "painting") In both of the above cases, the locus of metathesis is the highest branching constituent.

Verlan obeys language uni­ versals, just as any natural language does. But when the universals are in competition with one another, and their influences are obscured in the stan­ dard language, the language game can act as a true scale to clearly weigh their relative importance. Notes 1. For adults learning a language game however, it may not be necessary to rely exclusively upon positive evidence. According to Sherzer (1982), learners do in fact often articulate the rules of the language when teaching a novice.

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