By J Paulo Davim
Tribology is the technological know-how and know-how of interacting surfaces in relative movement. This publication discusses contemporary learn and functions of rules of friction, put on and lubrication, and goals to supply the basics and advances in tribology for contemporary undefined. The ebook presents the tribology with precise emphasis in floor topography; put on of fabrics and lubrication, and comprises devoted insurance to the basics of micro and nanotribology. The final chapters of the publication current the advances at present being skilled in tribology in production and bio and clinical tribology, respectively. The e-book serves as an invaluable reference for teachers, tribology and fabrics researchers, mechanical, physics and fabrics engineers, specialist in comparable industries with tribology.
Read or Download Tribology for Engineers: A Practical Guide (Woodhead Publishing in Mechanical Engineering) PDF
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Additional resources for Tribology for Engineers: A Practical Guide (Woodhead Publishing in Mechanical Engineering)
Example text
7 Advanced techniques for surface topography evaluation A further improvement in the resolution of surface topographic examination is possible by the use of electron microscopes. Two basic types of electron microscopes are available: scanning electron microscopes and transmission electron microscopes. In scanning electron microscopy (SEM) a focused beam of high-energy electrons is incident on the surface at a point resulting in the emission of secondary electrons. These are then collected and fed to an amplifier to send an electric signal to a cathode ray tube (CRT).
Reflection of infrared radiation from the surface is recorded by arrays of photodiodes and analysis of these in a microprocessor results in the determination of the surface topography. 1 nm is achievable though maximum height of measurement is limited to a few microns. This method is clearly advantageous in cases of very fine surface features. 2 Optical microscopy In this method, the surface of interest is held to reflect a beam of visible light and then these are collected by the objective of the optical microscope.
With these the average local level is used, as datum and form error or waviness is not recorded. Other methods include the use of filtering the displacement signal corresponding to waviness. 2 summarizes the comparison of the different roughness measuring methods. 8 Summary Solid surfaces always contain deviations (roughness) from the prescribed geometrical form. Surface roughness is commonly characterized by average amplitude parameters: Ra and Rq. Height distribution and autocorrelation functions are used to completely characterize a random and isotropic surface.
